For 1990-2009 cars

### Test Description

The numbers below refer to the step numbers in the diagnostic table:

1. A buildup of foreign material on a tire and wheel assembly and/or a damaged, abnormally or excessively worn tire and wheel assembly could cause a vibration disturbance.

2. Tire and wheel assemblies that exhibit excessive runout when measured while mounted on the vehicle, may or may not be contributing to, or causing a vibration disturbance. On-vehicle runout, if present, could contribute to, or cause a vibration disturbance, but the cause of the on-vehicle runout may not be the tire and wheel assemblies.

3. Tire and wheel assemblies that exhibit excessive runout when measured off the vehicle could cause a vibration disturbance.

4. Tire and wheel assemblies that exhibit marginal runout - within acceptable limits, but close to the maximum - when measured off the vehicle could still be contributing to a vibration disturbance, if its mating hub/axle flange also exhibits marginal runout. When the tire and wheel assembly and the hub axle flange are mounted to each other, the combined stack-up of their marginal amounts of runout, which could cause a vibration disturbance.

5. Brake rotors that exhibit excessive imbalance could contribute to, or possibly cause a vibration disturbance.

6. A hub/axle flange and/or wheel studs that exhibit excessive runout could cause a vibration disturbance.

7. When the tire and wheel assembly and the hub axle flange are mounted to each other, the combined stack-up of their marginal amounts of runout, which could cause a vibration disturbance. Match-mounting or vectoring the tire and wheel assembly to the hub/axle flange will modify the amount of combined runout.

8. Force variation may be present in a tire and wheel assembly that exhibited acceptable balance and runout. Force variation, if present, could contribute to, or cause a vibration disturbance.

9. Vibration disturbances could be affected by, or possibly caused by components that are susceptible to steering input and/or torque-load input.

10. On-vehicle balancing or finish-balancing can be used to reduce small amounts of imbalance which may be present as a result of the combined stack-up of the tire and wheel assembly with other components which may exhibit marginal balance.

Step | Action | Yes | No
--- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Has the Vibration Analysis - Road Testing been completed? | Go to Step 2 | Go to Vibration Analysis - Road Testing
2 | Based on the Vibration Analysis - Road Testing table, is the concern first-order tire and wheel assembly related? | Go to Step 4 | Go to Step 3
3 | Based on the Vibration Analysis - Road Testing table, is the concern second-order tire or higher-order tire and wheel assembly related? | Go to Step 19 | Go to Vibration Analysis - Road Testing
4 | Visually inspect the tire and wheel assemblies for the following:

• | Debris buildup, such as packed mud, undercoating, ice/snow buildup, road tar, etc.

• | Damage, abnormal or excessive wear.

| Refer to Tire and Wheel Inspection .

Dose any of the tire and wheel exhibit the above conditions listed?

Go to Step 5

Go to Step 6

5 |

1. Remove the debris from the tire and wheel assemblies.
2. Replace the damaged, abnormally or excessively worn wheels or tires as necessary. Refer to Tire Dismounting and Mounting .

Did you complete the repair or replacement?

Go to Step 24

--

6 | Measure the on vehicle runout of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Runout Measurement - On-Vehicle . Does the runout measurement indicate a runout concern? | Go to Step 7 | Go to Step 11
7 | Measure the off vehicle runout of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Runout Measurement - Off Vehicle . Does the runout measurement indicate a runout concern? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 8
8 | Are any of the tire and wheel assembly runout measurements marginal within acceptable limits, but close to the maximum? | Go to Step 9 | Go to Step 14
9 |

1. Match-mount the tire and wheel for each tire and wheel assembly with marginal runout. Refer to Tire-to-Wheel Match-Mounting (Vectoring) .
2. Remeasure the runout of each match-mounted tire and wheel assembly. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Runout Measurement - Off Vehicle .

Were you able to significantly reduce the amount of tire and wheel assembly?

Go to Step 10

Go to Step 20

10 | Remeasure the on vehicle runout of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Runout Measurement - On-Vehicle . Does the remeasurement indicate a runout concern? | Go to Step 14 | Go to Step 24
11 | Inspect the balance of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - Off Vehicle . Are any or the tire and wheel assemblies out of balance? | Go to Step 12 | Go to Step 13
12 | Balance the tire and wheel assemblies as necessary. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - Off Vehicle . Were you able to achieve balance? | Go to Step 24 | Go to Vibration Diagnostic Aids
13 |

1. Inspect the brake rotors for damage.
2. Inspect the brake rotors for balance. Refer to Brake Rotor/Drum Balance Inspection .

Is the brake rotor damaged or out of balance?

Go to Step 17

Go to Step 18

14 | Measure the runout of the hub/flanges and the wheel studs. Refer to Hub/Axle Flange and Wheel Stud Runout Inspection . Does the runout measurement indicate a runout concern? | Go to Step 16 | Go to Step 15
15 |

1. Match-mount the tire and wheel assembly to the hub/axle flanges. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly-to-Hub/Axle Flange Match-Mounting .
2. Remeasure the on vehicle runout of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Runout Measurement - On-Vehicle .

Were you able to significantly reduce the amount of tire and wheel assembly?

Go to Step 24

Go to Step 2

16 | Replace components as needed. Refer to the following procedures as necessary:

• | Wheel Stud Replacement

• | Wheel Stud Replacement

• | Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Replacement

• | Rear Wheel Bearing and Hub Replacement

Is the replacement complete?

Go to Step 24

--

17 | If necessary, replace the brake rotors. Refer to the corresponding procedure:

• | Front Brake Rotor Replacement

• | Rear Brake Rotor Replacement

Is the replacement complete?

Go to Step 24

--

18 | Inspect for radial and lateral force variation. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Isolation Test . Were you able to isolate to check one or more tires and wheel assemblies as the cause of the disturbance? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 21
19 | Inspect for radial and lateral force variation. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Isolation Test . Were you able to isolate yo check one or more tires and wheel assemblies as the cause of the disturbance? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 22
20 | Replace any tires and/or wheels that were tested as the cause of the disturbance, as necessary. Refer to Tire Dismounting and Mounting . Is the replacement complete? | Go to Step 24 | --
21 | Perform the Vibration Analysis - Hub/Axle Input. Refer to Vibration Analysis - Hub and/or Axle Input . Did you find and correct the condition? | Go to Step 24 | Go to Step 23
22 | Perform the Vibration Analysis - Hub/Axle Input. Refer to Vibration Analysis - Hub and/or Axle Input . Did you find and correct the condition? | Go to Step 24 | Go to Vibration Diagnostic Aids
23 | Finish-balance the tire and wheel assemblies ON vehicle. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - On-Vehicle . Have you finished the on vehicle finish balancing? | Go to Step 24 | --
24 |

1. Install or connect all components that were removed or disconnected during diagnosis.
2. Perform the Vibration - Road Testing. Refer to Vibration Analysis - Road Testing .

Is the vibration still present?

Go to Step 2

System OK